Map
Geological map
A marker for every one of Pakistan’s 173 georeferenced formation type localities (coloured by era), plus the 27 geosites of the geoheritage inventory and the geological provinces. Tap a marker for details; use the controls to filter by age and rock type or toggle layers. The full basin index is below and always works.
Type-locality points mark the named place, not a surveyed section — treat them as accurate to the order of a kilometre, for regional screening only. Heavy dashed lines are the major plate boundaries (Bird 2003, PB2002 model); internal sutures and fold-belt outlines are not drawn.
Base map © OpenStreetMap contributors. Plate boundaries after Bird (2003), An updated digital model of plate boundaries, G-Cubed 4(3), 1027 (PB2002 model). Formation markers are type-locality points (order-of-kilometre accuracy); province markers are representative regional centroids.
Kohat-Potwar Basin (Upper Indus)
Salt Range 38
- Amb Formation · Permian
- Baghanwala Formation · Cambrian
- Chhidru Formation · Permian
- Chichali Formation · Jurassic-Cretaceous
- Chinji Formation · Neogene
- Chorgali Formation · Paleogene
- Dandot Formation · Permian
- Datta Formation · Jurassic
- Dhok Pathan Formation · Neogene
- Hangu Formation · Paleogene
- Jutana Formation · Cambrian
- Kamlial Formation · Neogene
- Kathwai Member · Triassic
- Kawagarh Formation · Cretaceous
- Khatkiara Sandstone Member · Triassic
- Khewra Sandstone · Cambrian
- Khisor Formation · Cambrian
- Kingriali Formation · Triassic
- Kuldana Formation · Paleogene
- Kussak Formation · Cambrian
- Landa Member · Triassic
- Lockhart Limestone · Paleogene
- Lumshiwal Formation · Cretaceous
- Mianwali Formation · Triassic
- Mittiwali Member · Triassic
- Nagri Formation · Neogene
- Nammal Formation · Paleogene
- Narmia Member · Triassic
- Patala Formation · Paleogene
- Sakesar Formation · Paleogene
- Salt Range Formation · Ediacaran
- Samana Suk Formation · Jurassic
- Sardhai Formation · Permian
- Shinawari Formation · Jurassic
- Tobra Formation · Permian
- Tredian Formation · Triassic
- Warchha Sandstone · Permian
- Wargal Limestone · Permian
Potwar Basin 42
- Amb Formation · Permian
- Baghanwala Formation · Cambrian
- Chhidru Formation · Permian
- Chichali Formation · Jurassic-Cretaceous
- Chinji Formation · Neogene
- Chorgali Formation · Paleogene
- Datta Formation · Jurassic
- Dhok Pathan Formation · Neogene
- Hangu Formation · Paleogene
- Indus Formation · Cretaceous
- Jutana Formation · Cambrian
- Kamlial Formation · Neogene
- Kathwai Member · Triassic
- Kawagarh Formation · Cretaceous
- Khatkiara Sandstone Member · Triassic
- Khewra Sandstone · Cambrian
- Kingriali Formation · Triassic
- Kirana Group · Neoproterozoic
- Kuldana Formation · Paleogene
- Kussak Formation · Cambrian
- Landa Member · Triassic
- Lei Conglomerate · Quaternary
- Lockhart Limestone · Paleogene
- Lumshiwal Formation · Cretaceous
- Margala Hill Limestone · Paleogene
- Mianwali Formation · Triassic
- Mittiwali Member · Triassic
- Murree Formation · Neogene
- Nagri Formation · Neogene
- Nammal Formation · Paleogene
- Narmia Member · Triassic
- Sakesar Formation · Paleogene
- Salt Range Formation · Ediacaran
- Samana Suk Formation · Jurassic
- Sardhai Formation · Permian
- Shinawari Formation · Jurassic
- Siwalik Group · Neogene
- Soan Formation · Quaternary
- Tobra Formation · Permian
- Tredian Formation · Triassic
- Warchha Sandstone · Permian
- Wargal Limestone · Permian
Kohat Basin 63
- Amb Formation · Permian
- Baghanwala Formation · Cambrian
- Bahadurkhel Salt · Paleogene
- Chak Jabbi Limestone · Triassic
- Chashmai Formation · Paleogene
- Chhidru Formation · Permian
- Chichali Formation · Jurassic-Cretaceous
- Chinji Formation · Neogene
- Chorgali Formation · Paleogene
- Datta Formation · Jurassic
- Dhok Pathan Formation · Neogene
- Domanda Formation · Paleogene
- Drazinda Formation · Paleogene
- Gurguri Formation · Paleogene
- Habib Rahi Formation · Paleogene
- Hangu Formation · Paleogene
- Indus Formation · Cretaceous
- Jatta Gypsum · Paleogene
- Jutana Formation · Cambrian
- Kahan Group · Paleogene
- Kargocha Formation · Neogene
- Kathwai Member · Triassic
- Kawagarh Formation · Cretaceous
- Khatkiara Sandstone Member · Triassic
- Khewra Sandstone · Cambrian
- Khisor Formation · Cambrian
- Kingriali Formation · Triassic
- Kirthar Group · Paleogene
- Kohat Formation · Paleogene
- Kuldana Formation · Paleogene
- Kussak Formation · Cambrian
- Landa Member · Triassic
- Lei Conglomerate · Quaternary
- Lockhart Limestone · Paleogene
- Lumshiwal Formation · Cretaceous
- Malagan Formation · Quaternary
- Margala Hill Limestone · Paleogene
- Marwat Formation · Neogene-Quaternary
- Mianwali Formation · Triassic
- Mittiwali Member · Triassic
- Murree Formation · Neogene
- Musakhel Group · Triassic
- Nagri Formation · Neogene
- Nammal Formation · Paleogene
- Narmia Member · Triassic
- Nilawahan Group · Permian
- Panoba Formation · Paleogene
- Patala Formation · Paleogene
- Pirkoh Formation · Paleogene
- Sakesar Formation · Paleogene
- Salt Range Formation · Ediacaran
- Samana Suk Formation · Jurassic
- Sardhai Formation · Permian
- Shekhan Formation · Paleogene
- Sheri Gasha Formation · Neogene-Quaternary
- Shinawari Formation · Jurassic
- Soan Formation · Quaternary
- Surghar Group · Jurassic
- Tobra Formation · Permian
- Tredian Formation · Triassic
- Warchha Sandstone · Permian
- Wargal Limestone · Permian
- Zaluch Group · Permian
Khyber-Hazara-Kashmir Basin (Uppermost Indus)
Hazara Basin 37
- Abbottabad Formation · Cambrian
- Besham Group · Archean-Paleoproterozoic
- Burawai Formation · Carboniferous–Triassic
- Chichali Formation · Jurassic-Cretaceous
- Chorgali Formation · Paleogene
- Chushal Formation · Carboniferous
- Datta Formation · Jurassic
- Hangu Formation · Paleogene
- Hazara Formation · Neoproterozoic
- Hazira Formation · Cambrian
- Indus Formation · Cretaceous
- Jafar Kandao Formation · Devonian–Carboniferous
- Kaghan Group
- Karapa Greenschist
- Kawagarh Formation · Cretaceous
- Kingriali Formation · Triassic
- Kuldana Formation · Paleogene
- Langrial Limestone · Neoproterozoic
- Lockhart Limestone · Paleogene
- Mahandri Formation · Precambrian
- Mansehra Granite · Ordovician
- Margala Hill Limestone · Paleogene
- Miranjani Limestone · Precambrian
- Misri Banda Quartzite · Ordovician
- Murree Formation · Neogene
- Nammal Formation · Paleogene
- Naran Formation
- Nowshera Formation · Devonian
- Panjpir Formation · Ordovician–Silurian
- Rajawal Formation · Neoproterozoic
- Sakesar Formation · Paleogene
- Samana Suk Formation · Jurassic
- Sharda Group
- Sherwan Formation · Carboniferous
- Shinawari Formation · Jurassic
- Tanaki Boulder Bed · Neoproterozoic
- Tanawal Formation · Neoproterozoic
Azad Kashmir 12
- Abbottabad Formation · Cambrian
- Hazara Formation · Neoproterozoic
- Indus Formation · Cretaceous
- Kundalshahi Group · Neoproterozoic
- Mangla Gneiss · Paleoproterozoic
- Margala Hill Limestone · Paleogene
- Murree Formation · Neogene
- Naril Group · Precambrian
- Panjal Formation · Carboniferous–Permian
- Panjal Group · Carboniferous–Permian
- Salkhala Formation · Neoproterozoic
- Surgun Group · Carboniferous–Mesozoic
Khyber–Nowshera Belt 27
- Ali Masjid Formation · Devonian–Carboniferous
- Ambar Formation · Cambrian
- Bampokha Group
- Daradar Dolomite · Silurian–Devonian
- Darwaza Formation
- Ghundai Sar Formation · Devonian
- Girarai Formation
- Hisartang Formation · Ordovician
- Inzari Limestone · Devonian
- Jobra Formation · Ordovician
- Khyber Limestone · Carboniferous–Permian
- Landikotal Formation · Ordovician–Silurian
- Lowara Mena Formation · Carboniferous
- Makai Limestone · Cretaceous
- Manki Formation · Precambrian
- Owsi Nala Limestone · Silurian
- Pir Sabak Formation · Devonian
- Shagai Limestone · Silurian–Devonian
- Shahkot Formation · Precambrian
- Shekhai Formation · Precambrian
- Sikaram Series · Silurian–Triassic
- Sobrah Formation · Precambrian
- Spinghar Quartzite · Silurian–Devonian
- Tilgram Formation
- Tursak Formation · Silurian–Devonian
- Uch Khattak Formation · Precambrian
- Warran Ghundai Formation · Devonian
Swat–Malakand 17
- Alpurai Group
- Banna Formation · Precambrian
- Duma Formation · Carboniferous–Triassic
- Gandaf Formation · Proterozoic
- Karora Formation
- Kashala Formation · Triassic
- Kishar Formation · Paleoproterozoic
- Landai Formation · Triassic
- Lwarani Mela Limestone · Late Paleozoic
- Malandrai Member · Carboniferous
- Manglaur Formation · Ediacaran
- Manglour Formation
- Marghazar Formation · Carboniferous
- Mekhband Formation · Permian
- Nikanai Ghar Formation · Triassic
- Saidu Formation · Triassic–Jurassic
- Spinkai Formation · Permian
Sulaiman Basin (Middle Indus)
Sulaiman Fold Belt 44
- Alozai Group · Jurassic
- Baska Formation · Paleogene
- Bibai Formation · Cretaceous
- Bugti Formation · Paleogene-Neogene
- Chamalang (=Ghazij) Group · Paleogene
- Chashmai Kharsai Formation · Cretaceous
- Chaudhwan Formation · Neogene
- Chiltan Limestone · Jurassic
- Chitarwatta Formation · Paleogene
- Drug Formation · Paleogene
- Dungan Formation · Paleogene
- Early-Middle Eocene Kahan Group · Paleogene
- Fort Munro Formation · Cretaceous
- Ghazij Group · Paleogene
- Goru Formation · Cretaceous
- Isha Formation · Jurassic
- Kaniguram Slate · Triassic
- Khanozai Group · Triassic
- Kirthar Group · Paleogene
- Korara Shale
- Litra Formation · Neogene
- Loralai Formation · Jurassic
- Marsikhel Formation · Cretaceous
- Mazar Drik Formation · Jurassic
- Mona Jhal Group · Cretaceous
- Mughal Kot Formation · Cretaceous
- Pab Sandstone · Cretaceous
- Parh Limestone · Cretaceous
- Rakhi Gaj Formation · Paleogene
- Ranikot Group · Paleogene
- Sangiali Formation · Paleogene
- Sarobi Formation · Jurassic
- Sembar Formation · Cretaceous
- Shaheed Ghat Formation · Paleogene
- Siwalik Group · Neogene
- Spalga Formation · Triassic
- Sui Main Limestone Formation · Paleogene
- Sulaiman Group · Jurassic
- Takatu Formation · Jurassic
- Toi Formation · Paleogene
- Vihowa Formation · Neogene
- Vitakri Formation · Cretaceous
- Wana Schist
- Zerghar Formation · Cretaceous
Kirthar Basin (Lower Indus)
Kirthar Range 22
- Anjira Formation · Jurassic
- Dada Formation · Quaternary
- Dilband Formation · Jurassic
- Gaj Formation · Neogene
- Gorag Formation · Paleogene
- Goru Formation · Cretaceous
- Gwal Formation · Triassic
- Kingri Formation · Paleogene
- Kirthar Formation · Paleogene
- Korara Shale
- Laki Formation · Paleogene
- Manchar Formation · Neogene
- Mekhtar Formation (or Mekhtar Sandstone) · Cretaceous
- Mona Jhal Group · Cretaceous
- Nari Formation · Paleogene
- Pab Sandstone · Cretaceous
- Parh Limestone · Cretaceous
- Ranikot Group · Paleogene
- Sembar Formation · Cretaceous
- Siwalik Group · Neogene
- Spingwar Formation · Triassic
- Wulgai Formation · Triassic
Sindh Province 20
- Bara Formation · Paleogene
- Chiniot Granite · Neoproterozoic
- Fort Munro Group · Cretaceous
- Gaj Formation · Neogene
- Goru Formation · Cretaceous
- Khadro Formation · Paleogene
- Khaskheli Basalt Formation · Cretaceous-Paleogene
- Kirana Group · Neoproterozoic
- Lakhra Formation · Paleogene
- Laki Formation · Paleogene
- Manchar Formation · Neogene
- Moro Formation · Cretaceous
- Nagarparkar Igneous Complex · Neoproterozoic
- Nari Formation · Paleogene
- Petaro-Hyderabad Ridge · Proterozoic
- Ranikot Group · Paleogene
- Sakhi Sarwar Formation · Quaternary
- Sembar Formation · Cretaceous
- Siwalik Group · Neogene
- Sohnari Formation · Paleogene
Chagai-Raskoh Magmatic Arc
Chagai Hills 10
- Haro Conglomerate Formation · Quaternary
- Humai Formation · Cretaceous
- Kamerod Formation · Quaternary
- Kharan Formation · Paleogene
- Khojak Formation · Paleogene
- Koh-i-Sultan Volcanic Group · Neogene–Quaternary
- Nisai Limestone · Paleogene
- Rakhshani Formation · Cretaceous–Paleogene
- Saindak Formation · Paleogene
- Sinjrani Volcanic Group · Cretaceous
Makran-Siahan Basin (Arc-Trench Gap)
Makran Coast 13
- Chatti Formation · Neogene
- Gwadar Formation · Quaternary
- Hinglaj Formation · Neogene
- Hoshab Formation · Paleogene-Neogene
- Jiwani Formation · Quaternary
- Kech Formation · Quaternary
- Ormara Formation · Neogene
- Panjgur Formation · Paleogene–Neogene
- Parkini Formation · Neogene
- Siahan Formation · Paleogene
- Talar Formation · Neogene
- Wakai Limestone · Paleogene
- Zurati Formation · Paleogene
Kakar-Khurasan Basin (Back Arc)
Zhob-Muslim Bagh 26
- Akhtar Nika Formation · Cretaceous
- Bahlol Nika Formation · Neogene
- Bostan Formation · Quaternary
- Dasht Murgha Group · Neogene
- Haro Conglomerate Formation · Quaternary
- Hinglaj Formation · Neogene
- Jabrai Formation · Cretaceous
- Kharari Formation · Triassic-Jurassic
- Khojak Formation · Paleogene
- Khuzhobai Formation · Neogene
- Malikhore Formation · Jurassic
- Malthanai Formation · Neogene
- Mina Formation · Paleogene
- Moro Formation · Cretaceous
- Murgha Faqirzai Formation · Paleogene
- Muslim Bagh Ophiolite · Cretaceous
- Nisai Limestone · Paleogene
- Sakhi Sarwar Group · Quaternary
- Shagala Formation · Paleogene
- Shagala Group · Paleogene
- Shaigalu Member · Paleogene–Neogene
- Shirinab Formation · Triassic-Jurassic
- Sra Khula Formation · Neogene
- Takatu Formation · Jurassic
- Urak Formation · Neogene
- Vihowa Group · Paleogene–Neogene
Kohistan-Ladakh Magmatic Arc
Kohistan Arc 22
- Baraul Banda Formation · Paleogene
- Burji Formation · Cretaceous
- Chalt Volcanic Group · Cretaceous
- Chilas Complex · Cretaceous
- Deshan Banda Limestone · Jurassic-Cretaceous
- Dir Group · Paleogene
- Drosh Formation · Cretaceous
- Gashu-Confluence Volcanics · Cretaceous
- Gawuch Formation · Cretaceous
- Gilgit Formation · Cretaceous
- Jaglot Group · Jurassic–Cretaceous
- Jijal Complex · Cretaceous
- Kamila Amphibolite Belt · Cretaceous
- Katzarah Formation · Cretaceous–Paleogene
- Kohistan Batholith · Cretaceous-Paleogene
- Peshmal Schists · Cretaceous
- Purit Formation · Cretaceous
- Shamran Volcanic Group · Paleogene
- Shigar Group · Cretaceous–Paleogene
- Skardu Group · Cretaceous–Paleogene
- Thelichi Formation · Cretaceous
- Yasin Group · Cretaceous
Karakoram-Hindukush Basin (Laurasia)
Karakoram 56
- Aghil Limestone · Triassic–Jurassic
- Ailak Formation · Triassic
- Arkari Formation · Permian–Jurassic
- Ashtigar Formation · Jurassic
- Atark Formation · Permian
- Baintha Group
- Baltit Group · Precambrian
- Baltoro Granite · Neogene
- Barum Formation · Paleozoic (undifferentiated)
- Bauma Harel Formation · Cretaceous–Paleogene
- Bdongo-La Formation · Jurassic
- Borom Formation · Triassic
- Bunthang Sequence · Neogene–Quaternary
- Chalt Formation · Carboniferous–Permian
- Chapursan Group · Permian–Triassic
- Charun Quartzite · Devonian
- Chikchi-ri Shale · Triassic
- Chilmarabad Formation · Devonian
- Chogo Lungma Group
- Chutrun Limestone
- Daltumbore Formation
- Darband Formation · Cretaceous
- Dark Limestone · Jurassic
- Dumordo Formation · Carboniferous–Permian
- Ganchen Formation · Devonian–Permian
- Gircha Formation · Permian
- Guhjal Dolomite · Triassic
- Gum Formation · Permian
- Hispar Sar Group
- Hunza Plutonic Unit · Cretaceous
- Khalkhal Formation · Cretaceous
- Krinj Limestone · Cretaceous
- Kundil Formation · Permian
- Lupghar Formation · Permian
- Lupsuk Formation · Carboniferous
- Margach Formation · Devonian–Carboniferous
- Marpo Sandstone · Jurassic
- Misgar Slate · Neoproterozoic-Cambrian
- Pak-China Friendship Formation · Permian
- Panjshah Formation · Permian
- Passu Slate · Permian
- Rawat Formation · Permian
- Reshit Formation · Jurassic
- Ribat Formation · Carboniferous
- Savoia Formation · Cretaceous–Paleogene
- Shaksgam Formation · Permian
- Shanoz Conglomerate · Paleogene
- Shittinbar Formation · Cretaceous
- Shogram Formation · Devonian
- Singhie Shales · Permian
- Staghar Cherty Limestone · Permian
- Tekri Formation · Jurassic
- Thalle Limestone · Ordovician
- Vidiakot Formation · Ordovician
- Wirokhun Formation · Triassic
- Yashkuk Formation · Jurassic
Hindukush-Chitral 21
- Baroghil Group · Ordovician–Silurian
- Charun Quartzite · Devonian
- Chikar Formation · Cambrian
- Chitral Slate
- Darkot Group · Carboniferous–Permian
- Darwaz An Formation · Jurassic
- Gahirat Limestone · Cretaceous
- Gharil Formation · Permian
- Ini Sar Formation · Permian
- Lashkargaz Formation · Permian
- Lun Shale · Silurian–Devonian
- Reshun Formation · Cretaceous
- Sarikol Shale · Devonian
- Sewakht Formation · Devonian
- Shogram Formation · Devonian
- Tupop Formation · Cretaceous
- Twin Valley Member · Carboniferous
- Vandanil Formation · Devonian
- Wakhan Formation
- Yarkhun Formation · Ordovician
- Zait Limestone · Triassic
Indo-Pakistan Shield (Precambrian Craton)
Indo-Pakistan Shield 20
- Asianwala Formation · Precambrian
- Besham Group · Archean-Paleoproterozoic
- Buland Hill Formation · Precambrian
- Chak 102 Conglomerate · Precambrian
- Chak 112 Conglomerates · Precambrian
- Chiniot Granite · Neoproterozoic
- Hachi Volcanic Group · Neoproterozoic
- Hadda Quartzite · Precambrian
- Iskere Gneiss · Paleoproterozoic
- Kirana Group · Neoproterozoic
- Machh Super Group · Precambrian
- Mangla Gneiss · Paleoproterozoic
- Nagarparkar Igneous Complex · Neoproterozoic
- Nanga Parbat Gneiss · Mesoproterozoic
- Petaro-Hyderabad Ridge · Proterozoic
- Sargodha Ridge Basement · Archean-Proterozoic
- Sharaban Group · Neoproterozoic
- Shingus Gneiss · Paleoproterozoic
- Taguwali Formation · Neoproterozoic
- Wad Sayyidan Formation · Precambrian