Source provenance

Indian Plate Lexicon (indplex.geolex.org), Geological Society of India and international compilation.

Cited by 110 units (110 published) · 316 field-level citations · 20 revision notes.

Curated stratigraphic lexicon. Used for Kuldana Formation thickness, contacts and age.

This page is the reverse of each unit's per-field citations — it shows exactly what this reference supports, making the dataset's “no source, no fact” rule browsable both ways.

Units citing this source

• Paleozoic Amb Formation Permian
  Introduced by
• Mesozoic Anjira Formation Jurassic
  ThicknessThickness (m)Lithology
• Paleozoic Baghanwala Formation Cambrian

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Bahadurkhel Salt Paleogene
  Synonyms
• Cenozoic Bara Formation Paleogene
  ThicknessType locality
• Cenozoic Baska Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Bostan Formation Quaternary
  EpochLithologyDepositional environmentAgeType localityThicknessThickness (m)
  • Lithology: Revised to gypsiferous claystone-sandstone of lacustrine-playa origin per the Indian Plate Lexicon (compiler N.K. Siddiqui), superseding a 'foreland molasse conglomerate' description.
  • Type locality: Type locality specified as Kamroud village, Siahan Range (Makran), superseding 'Village Bostan'.
  • Lower contact (overlies): Lower contact: unconformably overlies the Shirinab, Loralai, Nisai and Khojak formations; conformably overlies the Haro Conglomerate in the Axial Belt. Upper contact is the present surface.
• Cenozoic Bugti Formation Paleogene-Neogene
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type localityUpper contact (underlies)
• Mesozoic Chak Jabbi Limestone Triassic
  AgePeriodLithologyType localityLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)EpochThicknessThickness (m)SynonymsEconomic importance
  • Type locality: Type locality corrected from 'Kingriali peak in Khisor' to the Kalachitta Range (near Bagh village, Kohat-Margala Province) per Fatmi (1972) / Indian Plate Lexicon; the Khisor Range attribution was in error.
  • Lithology: Lithology revised to Fatmi's sub-lithographic, unfossiliferous limestone; the prior dolomitic description appears to have been conflated with another unit.
  • Age: Middle Triassic (Anisian-Ladinian) assigned on stratigraphic position between the Mianwali and Kingriali formations; correlative with the Tredian Formation of the Salt Range.
• Cenozoic Chashmai Formation Paleogene
  Synonyms
• Cenozoic Chatti Formation Neogene
  EpochType localityLithologyThickness (m)AgeThicknessLower contact (overlies)
  • Age: Age refined to Early Pleistocene (Gelasian) per the Indian Plate Lexicon (compiler N.K. Siddiqui); conformably overlies Hinglaj or Talar Fm and is unconformably overlain by the Gwadar Fm.
• Cenozoic Chaudhwan Formation Neogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Paleozoic Chhidru Formation Permian

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Mesozoic Chichali Formation Jurassic-Cretaceous
  ThicknessThickness (m)
• Cenozoic Chinji Formation Neogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Chitarwatta Formation Paleogene
  Synonyms
• Cenozoic Chorgali Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Quaternary Dada Formation Quaternary

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Paleozoic Dandot Formation Permian
  Introduced by
• Mesozoic Datta Formation Jurassic
  Type localityIntroduced byDepositional environment
• Cenozoic Dhok Pathan Formation Neogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Domanda Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Drazinda Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Drug Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Dungan Formation Paleogene
  Introduced by
• Mesozoic Fort Munro Group Cretaceous
  ThicknessThickness (m)Type localityUpper contact (underlies)
• Cenozoic Gaj Formation Neogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Ghazij Group Paleogene
  Member units
• Quaternary Gwadar Formation Quaternary
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyType localityLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)
• Mesozoic Gwal Formation Triassic
  Type locality
• Cenozoic Habib Rahi Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Hangu Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Quaternary Haro Conglomerate Formation Quaternary
  EpochLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type localityUpper contact (underlies)
• Cenozoic Hinglaj Formation Neogene
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type localityIntroduced byFossilsLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)
  • Lower contact (overlies): Conformably (transitional) on the Khojak Fm in the Axial Belt (on the Nari Fm north of Bela), and on the Talar/Parkini Fms in the Makran Flysch Province; overlain by the Gwadar Fm (Axial Belt) or the Chatti Fm (Makran).
• Cenozoic Hoshab Formation Paleogene-Neogene
  PeriodEpochType localityLithologyDepositional environmentUpper contact (underlies)Age
  • Lower contact (overlies): Oldest exposed unit in the Makran Flysch Province; its base is not exposed.
• Mesozoic Humai Formation Cretaceous
  EpochType localityLithologyThickness (m)AgeThicknessLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)Fossils
• Mesozoic Isha Formation Jurassic
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type locality
• Cenozoic Jatta Gypsum Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Jiwani Formation Quaternary
  EpochType localityAge
  • Age: Age refined from 'Pliocene-Pleistocene' to Late Pleistocene per the Indian Plate Lexicon (compiler N.K. Siddiqui).
  • Thickness: Lexicon gives 30 m at the Jiwani type area (sandy/shelly limestone, sandstone, conglomerate); conformably overlies the Ormara or Gwadar Formation. The existing 200-500 m figure derives from a separate subsurface source.
• Paleozoic Jutana Formation Cambrian

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Kamlial Formation Neogene
  AgeEpochLithologyType localityLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)Thickness (m)Introduced byThicknessFossils
  • Age: Age extended from 'Middle Miocene' to Middle-Late Miocene (Burdigalian-Tortonian) per the Indian Plate Lexicon (compiler N.K. Siddiqui).
  • Thickness (m): Thickness reset to the 90 m type-section value (Kamlial, Attock; full range 50-580 m, 68-718 m subsurface), superseding a prior 750 m estimate.
  • Lower contact (overlies): Upper formation of the Rawalpindi Group; conformable/transitional on the Murree Formation, but at places overlies the Sakesar Formation (and, at Kundal in the Khisor Range, probably Triassic) unconformably.
• Mesozoic Kawagarh Formation Cretaceous

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Khadro Formation Paleogene
  Thickness (m)Thickness
• Cenozoic Kharan Formation Paleogene
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type localityIntroduced byFossilsLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)
• Mesozoic Kharari Formation Triassic-Jurassic
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type locality
• Cenozoic Khaskheli Basalt Formation Cretaceous-Paleogene
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type localityUpper contact (underlies)
• Paleozoic Khewra Sandstone Cambrian

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Paleozoic Khisor Formation Cambrian

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Khojak Formation Paleogene
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type localityIntroduced byEconomic importanceFossilsLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)
  • Member units: Two members per the lexicon: the lower Murgha Faqirzai member (a unit here) and the upper Shaigalu member (not yet a separate unit).
• Mesozoic Kingriali Formation Triassic

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Kirthar Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Kirthar Group Paleogene
  AgeLithologyThicknessType localityFossils
• Cenozoic Kohat Formation Paleogene
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type localityLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)
• Cenozoic Kuldana Formation Paleogene
  EpochThicknessLower contact (overlies)Thickness (m)
  • Age: RESOLVED: the earlier 'Miocene' label was an error. The Kuldana Formation is Early–Middle Eocene (Ypresian–Lutetian), confirmed by GSP Malkani (2017), the Indian Plate Lexicon, and its Pakicetus/Ambulocetus whale fauna.
• Paleozoic Kussak Formation Cambrian

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Lakhra Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Laki Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Quaternary Lei Conglomerate Quaternary

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Litra Formation Neogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Lockhart Limestone Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Mesozoic Loralai Formation Jurassic
  EpochIntroduced by
• Mesozoic Lumshiwal Formation Cretaceous

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Mesozoic Malikhore Formation Jurassic
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type localityLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)
• Cenozoic Manchar Formation Neogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Margala Hill Limestone Paleogene
  EpochPeriodThickness (m)Lower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)
• Mesozoic Marsikhel Formation Cretaceous
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type localityFossilsUpper contact (underlies)
  • Upper contact (underlies): Indian Plate Lexicon (N.K. Siddiqui): Marsikhel Formation is conformably overlain by the Zerghar Formation (upper contact) and conformably underlain by the Chashmai Kharsai Formation (lower contact). The lower contact (overlies = Chashmai Kharsai Fm, an Early Cretaceous belemnite-shale unit distinct from the Eocene Chashmai Formation) is not yet wired because that unit is not in the dataset — pending its creation.
• Mesozoic Mianwali Formation Triassic

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Mesozoic Mona Jhal Group Cretaceous

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Mesozoic Moro Formation Cretaceous
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyType localityIntroduced byUpper contact (underlies)
• Mesozoic Mughal Kot Formation Cretaceous
  Synonyms
• Cenozoic Murree Formation Neogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Nagri Formation Neogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Nammal Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Nari Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Nisai Limestone Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Ormara Formation Neogene
  AgeEpochLithologyType localityThicknessUpper contact (underlies)
  • Age: Age refined from 'Pliocene' to Middle Pleistocene (Calabrian) per the Indian Plate Lexicon (compiler N.K. Siddiqui). Conformably overlies the Gwadar Formation (not yet a separate unit here).
• Mesozoic Pab Sandstone Cretaceous

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Panjgur Formation Paleogene–Neogene
  EpochType localityThicknessLithologyLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)AgeThickness (m)
• Cenozoic Panoba Formation Paleogene
  Lower contact (overlies)
• Cenozoic Parkini Formation Neogene
  EpochType localityLithologyLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)Thickness (m)AgeThickness
• Cenozoic Patala Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Pirkoh Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Rakhi Gaj Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Mesozoic Rakhshani Formation Cretaceous–Paleogene
  EpochType localityLithologyAgeThicknessThickness (m)Lower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)Fossils
• Cenozoic Ranikot Group Paleogene
  Member units
  • Member units: Three-fold Ranikot Group (Khadro-Bara-Lakhra) per the Cenozoic-of-Pakistan correlation chart; the Dunghan Formation is its Sulaiman-region equivalent.
• Cenozoic Saindak Formation Paleogene
  EpochType localityLithologyThickness (m)AgeThicknessLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)Fossils
• Cenozoic Sakesar Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Precambrian Salt Range Formation Ediacaran
  EpochIntroduced by
• Mesozoic Samana Suk Formation Jurassic
  Type localityIntroduced byUpper contact (underlies)
• Paleozoic Sardhai Formation Permian

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Mesozoic Sarobi Formation Jurassic
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessType localityUpper contact (underlies)
• Mesozoic Sembar Formation Cretaceous

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Shaheed Ghat Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Shekhan Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Mesozoic Shinawari Formation Jurassic

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Mesozoic Shirinab Formation Triassic-Jurassic
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type localityIntroduced byLower contact (overlies)Member units
• Quaternary Soan Formation Quaternary
  ThicknessThickness (m)Synonyms
• Mesozoic Spalga Formation Triassic
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyType locality
• Mesozoic Spingwar Formation Triassic

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Sui Main Limestone Formation Paleogene
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type locality
• Mesozoic Takatu Formation Jurassic
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyThicknessThickness (m)Type localityLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)
• Cenozoic Talar Formation Neogene
  EpochType localityLithologyLower contact (overlies)AgeThicknessThickness (m)Upper contact (underlies)
  • Age: Age set to Late Miocene (Messinian) per the Age Span in the Indian Plate Lexicon (compiler N.K. Siddiqui); conformably overlies the Parkini Fm and is overlain by the Hinglaj/Chatti formations.
• Paleozoic Tobra Formation Permian
  Introduced by
• Cenozoic Toi Formation Paleogene

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Mesozoic Tredian Formation Triassic

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Cenozoic Vihowa Group Paleogene–Neogene
  ThicknessThickness (m)Type localityUpper contact (underlies)
• Paleozoic Warchha Sandstone Permian

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Paleozoic Wargal Limestone Permian
  Introduced by
• Mesozoic Wulgai Formation Triassic
  SynonymsType locality
• Mesozoic Zerghar Formation Cretaceous
  AgeEpochPeriodLithologyType localityLower contact (overlies)