Precambrian • Neoproterozoic formation GSP memoir

Rajawal Formation

Late Proterozoic (Neoproterozoic)

Northern Indus Suture · Hazara Sub-Basin

Cited in 2 sources Last reviewed Jul 31, 2026

Unit summary

Rank: formation
Status: Published
Age: Precambrian · NeoproterozoicLate Proterozoic (Neoproterozoic)
Named by: Not recorded
Type locality: Not recorded
Thickness: Not recorded
Lithology: Batal and Rajwal quartzites, Paludaran graphitic schist, quartz-mica schist, gneiss, pegmatite, aplite and granite gneiss.
Synonyms: Not recorded

A quartzite-and-graphitic-schist metamorphic unit of the Kaghan nappe.

The Rajawal Formation consists of Batal quartzites, Paludaran graphitic schist and Rajwal quartzites, quartz-mica schist, gneisses, pegmatites, aplites and granite gneiss. It is one of the three formations into which Chaudhry et al. (1986) divided the Kaghan Group (described by Ghazanfar et al. 1985 for metapelites, schists, quartzites, marbles, metaconglomerates, pegmatite and amphibolites up to garnet grade, exposed between Mahandri and Batal). A related division, the Kaghan pelites, consists of greenish-grey garnetiferous schist, quartz-mica schist, graphite schist, marble and gypsum.

Fossils

Not recorded

Contacts

In the Hazara Basin column

ConglomerateLimestoneMetamorphicConformable

Band colour = period; texture = dominant rock type. Lines between bands mark the contact type. True scale makes height ∝ recorded thickness; hatched = thickness not recorded. Ages approximate, for ordering.

This unit (highlighted) within its province column; faded ends continue above and below. Line style marks the contact type.

Distribution & setting

Hazara Basin

Basin: Northern Indus Suture
Region: Hazara Sub-Basin
Depositional environment: Not recorded
Coordinates: Not recorded

Correlation

Not recorded. Compare this unit against other basins on the correlation panel →

Economic significance

Not recorded

Remarks

A quartzite-and-schist metasedimentary unit of the Batal–Rajwal area in the Kaghan nappe sequence.

Sources (2)

Malkani, M.S. & Mahmood, Z. (2017). Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Memoir Vol. 24.
Kazmi, A.H. & Abbasi, I.A. (2008). Stratigraphy and Historical Geology of Pakistan. Department & National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar. 524 pp. ISBN 978-969-9119.

Reviewer confidence: medium

Every fact on this page is source-cited. This entry is part of the peer-archived Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset (doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991, CC‑BY‑4.0).

Lexicon status: Appears in a single-author Geological Survey of Pakistan memoir (Malkani & Mahmood 2017), not cross-confirmed against the Shah lexicon. The Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan is largely inactive, so documented provenance — not formal ratification — is the available signal.

Cite this unit

APA

Qudsi, L. (2026). Rajawal Formation. In Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991

BibTeX

@misc{stratigraphypk_rajawalformation,
  author    = {Qudsi, Lareb},
  title     = {{Rajawal Formation} --- Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.21363991},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991}
}

Archived dataset: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991 (CC‑BY‑4.0) · Direct link to this entry: https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/rajawal-formation (accessed August 30, 2026).