Time scale
Geological time scale
Youngest at the top, ages in millions of years (Ma). Intervals with a count expand to list the formations assigned to them.
- Quaternary
- Cenozoic
- Mesozoic
- Paleozoic
- Precambrian
Explore a period
Counts here include every unit whose age spans the period, so a unit crossing a boundary is counted in both — this is why these totals can exceed the per-interval counts in the chart below (which list units assigned to a single interval).
-
HoloceneQuaternary1 0.0117 Ma - Present
-
PleistoceneQuaternary5 2.58 - 0.0117 Ma
-
PlioceneNeogene2 5.333 - 2.58 Ma
-
MioceneNeogene3 23.03 - 5.333 Ma
-
OligocenePaleogene1 33.9 - 23.03 Ma
-
Cretaceous46 145 - 66 Ma
- Akhtar Nika Formation
- Bela Ophiolite
- Bibai Formation
- Burji Formation
- Chalt Volcanic Group
- Chashmai Kharsai Formation
- Chilas Complex
- Darband Formation
- Drosh Formation
- Fort Munro Formation
- Fort Munro Group
- Gahirat Limestone
- Gashu-Confluence Volcanics
- Gawuch Formation
- Gilgit Formation
- Goru Formation
- Humai Formation
- Hunza Plutonic Unit
- Indus Formation
- Jabrai Formation
- Jijal Complex
- Kamila Amphibolite Belt
- Kawagarh Formation
- Khalkhal Formation
- Krinj Limestone
- Lumshiwal Formation
- Makai Limestone
- Marsikhel Formation
- Mekhtar Formation (or Mekhtar Sandstone)
- Mona Jhal Group
- Moro Formation
- Mughal Kot Formation
- Muslim Bagh Ophiolite
- Pab Sandstone
- Parh Limestone
- Peshmal Schists
- Purit Formation
- Reshun Formation
- Sembar Formation
- Shittinbar Formation
- Sinjrani Volcanic Group
- Thelichi Formation
- Tupop Formation
- Vitakri Formation
- Yasin Group
- Zerghar Formation
-
Jurassic23 201.4 - 145 Ma
- Alozai Group
- Anjira Formation
- Ashtigar Formation
- Bdongo-La Formation
- Chiltan Limestone
- Dark Limestone
- Darwaz An Formation
- Datta Formation
- Dilband Formation
- Isha Formation
- Loralai Formation
- Malikhore Formation
- Marpo Sandstone
- Mazar Drik Formation
- Reshit Formation
- Samana Suk Formation
- Sarobi Formation
- Shinawari Formation
- Sulaiman Group
- Surghar Group
- Takatu Formation
- Tekri Formation
- Yashkuk Formation
-
Triassic25 251.9 - 201.4 Ma
- Ailak Formation
- Borom Formation
- Chak Jabbi Limestone
- Chikchi-ri Shale
- Guhjal Dolomite
- Gwal Formation
- Kaniguram Slate
- Kashala Formation
- Kathwai Member
- Khanozai Group
- Khatkiara Sandstone Member
- Kingriali Formation
- Landa Member
- Landai Formation
- Mianwali Formation
- Mittiwali Member
- Musakhel Group
- Narmia Member
- Nikanai Ghar Formation
- Spalga Formation
- Spingwar Formation
- Tredian Formation
- Wirokhun Formation
- Wulgai Formation
- Zait Limestone
-
Permian26 298.9 - 251.9 Ma
- Amb Formation
- Atark Formation
- Chhidru Formation
- Dandot Formation
- Gharil Formation
- Gircha Formation
- Gum Formation
- Ini Sar Formation
- Kundil Formation
- Lashkargaz Formation
- Lupghar Formation
- Mekhband Formation
- Nilawahan Group
- Pak-China Friendship Formation
- Panjshah Formation
- Passu Slate
- Rawat Formation
- Sardhai Formation
- Shaksgam Formation
- Singhie Shales
- Spinkai Formation
- Staghar Cherty Limestone
- Tobra Formation
- Warchha Sandstone
- Wargal Limestone
- Zaluch Group
-
Silurian1 443.8 - 419.2 Ma
-
Precambrian17 4600 - 538.8 Ma
Boundary ages follow the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy). Small-cap labels give each epoch’s ICS Period.
The coloured bands are this site’s reading groups. In the formal ICS hierarchy the Quaternary is a Period of the Cenozoic Era (not an era), and “Precambrian” is informal — it spans the Hadean, Archean and Proterozoic eons.
Colours follow this site’s era palette rather than the ICS standard chart colours.