Paleozoic • Carboniferous–Mesozoic group GSP memoir

Surgun Group

Late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic (cover sequence)

Northern Indus Suture · Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, Kaghan Nappe And Nosehri Area Of Lower Neelum And Lamnian Area Of Upper Jhelum, Azad Kashmir

Carboniferous–Mesozoic in the time scale →

Cited in 3 sources Last reviewed Jul 31, 2026

Unit summary

Rank: group
Status: Published
Age: Paleozoic · Carboniferous–MesozoicLate Palaeozoic to Mesozoic (cover sequence)
Named by: Malik et al. (1996)
Type locality: Surgan, Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis area34.7700°N, 74.1900°E
Thickness: Not recorded
Lithology: Not recorded
Synonyms: Not recorded

A Precambrian group of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis / Neelum region.

Surgun group is named after Surgan village in the Neelam valley of Azad Kashmir by Malik et al. (1996) for thick cover metasediments like mica schists, paragneisses, marble, quartzites and metaconglomerates unconformably overlying the Precambrian basement and Pre Himalayan cover sequence. This group is divided into units A,B and C age range from Late Proterozoic to Mesozoic. Unit A resembles to Tanawal formation (Malik et al. (1996).

Fossils

Not recorded

Contacts

In the Azad Kashmir column

MetamorphicMixedLimestoneFossils recordedConformableUnconformity

Band colour = period; texture = dominant rock type. Lines between bands mark the contact type (wavy = unconformity inferred from a missing period). True scale makes height ∝ recorded thickness; hatched = thickness not recorded. Ages approximate, for ordering.

This unit (highlighted) within its province column; faded ends continue above and below. Line style marks the contact type.

Distribution & setting

Azad Kashmir

Basin: Northern Indus Suture
Region: Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, Kaghan Nappe And Nosehri Area Of Lower Neelum And Lamnian Area Of Upper Jhelum, Azad Kashmir
Depositional environment: Not recorded
Coordinates: 34.7700°N, 74.1900°E

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Correlation

Not recorded. Compare this unit against other basins on the correlation panel →

Economic significance

Not recorded

Remarks

A Precambrian group-level unit of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis / Neelum region (Malik et al., 1996); its lithology is not well established in the baseline.

Sources (3)

Malkani, M.S. & Mahmood, Z. (2017). Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Memoir Vol. 24.
OpenStreetMap contributors and GEOnet Names Server (public geographic gazetteers), used to geolocate named GSP type localities to approximate decimal coordinates.
Kazmi, A.H. & Abbasi, I.A. (2008). Stratigraphy and Historical Geology of Pakistan. Department & National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar. 524 pp. ISBN 978-969-9119.

Reviewer confidence: high

Every fact on this page is source-cited. This entry is part of the peer-archived Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset (doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991, CC‑BY‑4.0).

Lexicon status: Appears in a single-author Geological Survey of Pakistan memoir (Malkani & Mahmood 2017), not cross-confirmed against the Shah lexicon. The Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan is largely inactive, so documented provenance — not formal ratification — is the available signal.

Cite this unit

APA

Qudsi, L. (2026). Surgun Group. In Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991

BibTeX

@misc{stratigraphypk_surgungroup,
  author    = {Qudsi, Lareb},
  title     = {{Surgun Group} --- Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.21363991},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991}
}

Archived dataset: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991 (CC‑BY‑4.0) · Direct link to this entry: https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/surgun-group (accessed August 30, 2026).

To cite the unit's original definition instead, see: Malik et al. (1996).